Routers are used to send data across computer networks and are configured to use the best route through a network to deliver data to its destination. They decide which route to take using the path cost. Path cost is not to be confused with actual money. When a router uses the route with the lowest path cost it takes into account many things like how fast the link is, congestions and other factors which we’ll cover shortly.

There may be many routes to the destination of the data. The router uses routing metrics to decide the best route. Similar to driving to the next city you may take the faster roads but traffic queues may make your journey longer than if you’d taken the slower roads.

Routing metrics are applied to routes through routing protocols such as OSPF, RIP or EIGRP. A network administrator may manually apply lower costs to a given route because he knows that route uses a data link that is less expensive. This fools the router into thinking this is a more favourable route and so would prefer it over other routes.

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